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  ds-GPS-622F-2 sept 11 ? 2010 www.rfsolutions.co.uk page 1 gps s mart r eceiver with a ntenna GPS-622F low low low low- -- -power power power power high high high high- -- -p pp performance erformance erformance erformance and and and and low low low low- -- -c cc cost ost ost ost 65 6565 65 channel channel channel channel gps engine board gps engine board gps engine board gps engine board ( (( (flash flash flash flash based) based) based) based) data data data data sheet sheet sheet sheet abstract abstract abstract abstract technical data sheet describing the cost effective, high-performance gps gps gps gps622f 622f 622f 622f based series of ultra high sensitive gps modul es. the gps gps gps gps622f 622f 622f 622f is a gps module that is sensitive to electrostatic electrostatic electrostatic electrostatic dis disdis dis- -- - charge charge charge charge (esd) (esd) (esd) (esd). please handle with appropriate care. the acceptability of electronic assemblies of this module has been under ipc ipcipc ipc- -- -a aa a- -- -610d 610d 610d 610d specification
ds-GPS-622F-2 sept 11 ? 2010 www.rfsolutions.co.uk page 2 gps s mart r eceiver with a ntenna GPS-622F version history version history version history version history rev. rev. rev. rev. date date date date descrip descrip descrip description tion tion tion 1.0 12-07-09 initial draft C preliminary informatio n 2.0 01-03-10 adding the internal antenna specificat ion flash version support the following features flash version support the following features flash version support the following features flash version support the following features  binary cod e  selectab le nmea outp ut data sentences  selectab le serial port settings. (4800/9600/38400/1 15200b p s. default : 9600)  selectab le up d ate rate (1 / 2 / 4 / 5 / 8 / 10 h z u p d ate rate (1h z d efault))  firmw are up grad eab le
ds-GPS-622F-2 sept 11 ? 2010 www.rfsolutions.co.uk page 3 gps s mart r eceiver with a ntenna GPS-622F 1 functional description 1 functional description 1 functional description 1 functional description 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 introduction introduction introduction introduction the GPS-622F a highly integrated smart gps module w ith a ceramic gps patch antenna. the antenna is connected to the module via an lna. the module is with 54 channel acquisition engine and 14 channel track engine, which be capable of re ceiving signals from up to 68 gps satellites and transferring them into the precise position and tim ing information that can be read over uart port. small size and high-end gps functionality are at lo w power consumption, the lvttl-level signal interface is provided on the interface connector, s upply voltage of 3v~5.5v is supported. the compact 22mm x 22mm form factor allows it to be used in many applications. the smart gps antenna module is available as an off -the-shelf component, 100% tested. the smart gps antenna module can be offered for oem applicati ons with the versatile adaptation in form and connection. additionally, the antenna can be tuned to the final systems? circumstances. 1.2 features 1.2 features 1.2 features 1.2 features  68 c hannel gps l 1 c /a c od e  perform 8 million time-freq uency hyp othesis testing p er second  65 c hannel gps l 1 c /a c od e  perform 8 million time-freq uency hyp othesis testing p er second  op en sky hot start 1 sec, op en sky cold start 29 se c  signal d etection b etter than -165d bm  multip ath d etection and sup p ression  accuracy 2.5m c ep  maximum up d ate rate 20h z  tracking current ~33ma  sup p orts external active antenna 1.3 applications 1.3 applications 1.3 applications 1.3 applications  automotive and marine navigation  automotive navigator tracking  emergency locator  personal positioning
ds-GPS-622F-2 sept 11 ? 2010 www.rfsolutions.co.uk page 4 gps s mart r eceiver with a ntenna GPS-622F 2 characteristics 2 characteristics 2 characteristics 2 characteristics 2.1 general specification 2.1 general specification 2.1 general specification 2.1 general specification parame parame parame paramet tt t er erer er specification specification specification specification re rere rec cc c e ee e iver iver iver iver t tt ty yy y pe pepe pe 68 cha n ne ls gp s l1 frequency, c/a cod e time time time time- -- -to toto to- -- -f ff fi ii i r rr rs ss s t tt t- -- -fi fifi fix x x x cold st ar t (au t ono mous) 29 s (average, under open sky) wa rm sta rt (autonomou s) 29 s (average, under open sky) hot st ar t (autonomou s) 29 s (average, under open sky) sensitiv sensitiv sensitiv sensitivi ii i t tt t y yy y trac king & navigati on -165 db m reacquisi tion -158 db m cold st ar t (au t ono mous) -148 db m accuracy accuracy accuracy accuracy au t onomo us 2.5 m cep velocity 0.1 m/sec (without aid) time 300 ns update update update update r rr ra aa a te tete te supports 1 / 2 / 4 / 5 / 8 / 10 hz update rate (1h z default) veloc veloc veloc veloci ii i ty tyty ty accurac accurac accurac accuracy yy y 0.1m/s h hh h ead ead ead eadi ii i ng ng ng ng accurac accurac accurac accuracy yy y 0.5 deg r ees dynamics dynamics dynamics dynamics 4 g (39.2 m/sec) o oo op pp p e ee er rr r at atat ati ii io oo on nn n a aa al ll l limits limits limits limits veloci ty 515 m/s (100 0 kno t s) altitude <180 00 meters (cocom limit, either may be exceeded but not both) serial serial serial serial interface interface interface interface lvttl level datum datum datum datum user user user user default wgs-84 user definable input voltage input voltage input voltage input voltage 3.3v -5.5v dc +/-10% input current input current input current input current ~23 ma tracking dimension dimension dimension dimension 22l x 22 w x h (mm) weight weight weight weight 25g chipset chipset chipset chipset venus 6 table table table table 1: 1:1: 1: gps gps gps gps- -- -622f 622f 622f 622f general speci general speci general speci general specification fication fication fication *: gpgga, gpgsa, gpgsv, gprmc, gpvtg are default out put message
ds-GPS-622F-2 sept 11 ? 2010 www.rfsolutions.co.uk page 5 gps s mart r eceiver with a ntenna GPS-622F 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 serial serial serial serial port port port port setti setti setti settin nn n g gg g s ss s the default configuration within the standard gps f irmware is the standard configuration of serial port:  supporting 9600 baud rate, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no flow control 2. 2.2. 2.3 33 3 gps status indicator gps status indicator gps status indicator gps status indicator  non non non non- -- -fixed mode : led is always on fixed mode : led is always on fixed mode : led is always on fixed mode : led is always on  fixed mode : led toggle every second fixed mode : led toggle every second fixed mode : led toggle every second fixed mode : led toggle every second 1. 1.1. 1. communication specifications communication specifications communication specifications communication specifications item item item item description description description description interface full duplex serial interface bit rate default 9600 start bit 1bit stop bit 1bit data bit 8bit parity none transmission data sacii nmea0183 ver:3.01 update rate 1hz output sentence gga/gsa/gsv/rmc/vtg (typ) table 2: communication specifications table 2: communication specifications table 2: communication specifications table 2: communication specifications 2.6 multi 2.6 multi 2.6 multi 2.6 multi- -- -path mitigation path mitigation path mitigation path mitigation multipath refers to the existence of signals reflec ted from objects in the vicinity of a receiver's antenna that corrupt the direct line-of-sight signa ls from the gps satellites, thus degrading the accuracy of both code-based and carrier phaseCb ased measurements. particularly difficult is close-in multipath in which the reflected second ary signals arrive only slightly later (within about 100 nanoseconds) than does the direct-path si gnal, having been reflected from objects only a short distance from the receiver antenna. GPS-622F deploys the advanced multi-path detection and suppression algorithm to reduce multipath errors, the gps signals themselves can be designed to provide inherent resistance to multipath errors
ds-GPS-622F-2 sept 11 ? 2010 www.rfsolutions.co.uk page 6 gps s mart r eceiver with a ntenna GPS-622F 2.7 operating 2.7 operating 2.7 operating 2.7 operating conditions conditions conditions conditions description description description description min min min min t tt ty yy ypical pical pical pical max max max max v cc 2.7v 3.3v 5.5v enhanced-mode acquisition 70 ma low power acquisition current 50ma tracking current 23ma table table table table 3: operating 3: operating 3: operating 3: operating conditions conditions conditions conditions 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 1 11 1 pp pppp pps ss s o oo ou uu u t tt t pu pupu pu t tt t the gps receiver is in navigation mode upon power-up, with 1pps output free running. after 3 minutes of valid position fix and remaining under static-mode, the receiver changes to timing- mode, with 1pps output signal synchronized to the utc second. the receiver will change to navigation-mode, with 1pps output free running, if the receiver is in motion. the 1pps output will become synchronized to the utc second again after the receiver had remained in static mode for 3 minutes. 2.9 antenna 2.9 antenna 2.9 antenna 2.9 antenna a numbers of important properties of gnss antennas affect functionality and performance, including;  frequency coverage  gain pattern  circular polarization  multipath suppression  phase centre  impact on receiver sensitivity  interference handling the GPS-622F module is designed to work both active and passive antenna. active antenna with gain in range of 10 ~ 30db and noise figure le ss than 2db can be used. 2.10 mechanical characteristics 2.10 mechanical characteristics 2.10 mechanical characteristics 2.10 mechanical characteristics mechanical dimensions length width height 22 mm 22 mm 8 mm weight 30g (may vary)
ds-GPS-622F-2 sept 11 ? 2010 www.rfsolutions.co.uk page 7 gps s mart r eceiver with a ntenna GPS-622F 3 pinout description 3 pinout description 3 pinout description 3 pinout description pin number pin number pin number pin number signal name signal name signal name signal name description description description description 1 rxd rxd rxd rxd uart input, 3v lvttl for sup500r, sup500rb 2 txd txd txd txd uart output, 3v lvttl for sup500r, sup500rb uart output, rs232 level for sup500rr 3 gn gngn gnd dd d system ground 4 vdd vdd vdd vdd main3.3v ~ 5.5v supply input 5 vbat vbat vbat vbat* ** * backup supply voltage for rtc and sram, 1.5v ~ 5.5v 6 p1ps p1ps p1ps p1ps 1 pulse per second time mark output 7 pse_sel pse_sel pse_sel pse_sel search engine mode select: 1: low power acquisition mode (default), acquisitio n current ~50ma 0: enhanced acquisition mode, acquisition current ~ 70ma * note: both vdd and vbat need to be connected in o rder for the module to work.*
ds-GPS-622F-2 sept 11 ? 2010 www.rfsolutions.co.uk page 8 gps s mart r eceiver with a ntenna GPS-622F 4. m 4. m 4. m 4. mechanical characteristics echanical characteristics echanical characteristics echanical characteristics
ds-GPS-622F-2 sept 11 ? 2010 www.rfsolutions.co.uk page 9 gps s mart r eceiver with a ntenna GPS-622F table 4: pin definition table 4: pin definition table 4: pin definition table 4: pin definition 4. 4. 4. 4. environmental conditions environmental conditions environmental conditions environmental conditions parameter parameter parameter parameter specification specification specification specification temperature temperature temperature temperature operating operating operating operating - -- -4 44 40 00 0 ~+8 ~+8 ~+8 ~+85 55 5 storage storage storage storage - -- -40 4040 40 ~+ ~+~+ ~+85 8585 85 humidity humidity humidity humidity 5%~95% 5%~95% 5%~95% 5%~95% storage storage storage storage 6 months in original vacuum package. 6 months in original vacuum package. 6 months in original vacuum package. 6 months in original vacuum package. table table table table 5 55 5: :: : enviro enviro enviro environmental nmental nmental nmental conditi conditi conditi conditio oo ons nsns ns
ds-GPS-622F-2 sept 11 ? 2010 www.rfsolutions.co.uk page 10 gps s mart r eceiver with a ntenna GPS-622F 5. nmea protocol 5. nmea protocol 5. nmea protocol 5. nmea protocol the serial interface protocol is based on the natio nal marine electronics associations nmea 0183 ascii interface specification. this standard i s fully define in nmea 0183, version 3.01 the standard may be obtained from nmea, www.nmea.or g 5.1 gga 5.1 gga 5.1 gga 5.1 gga- -- -global positioning system fix data global positioning system fix data global positioning system fix data global positioning system fix data time, position and fix related data for a gps recei ver. structure: structure: structure: structure: $gpgga,hhmmss.sss,ddmm.mmmm,a,dddmm.mmmm,a,x,xx,x.x ,x.x,m,x.x,m,x.x,xxxx*hh 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 example: example: example: example: $gpgga,060932.448,2447.0959,n,12100.5204,e,1,08,1.1 ,108.7,m,,,,0000*0e field name example description 1 utc time 060932.448 utc of p osition in hhmmss.sss format, (000000.00 ~ 235959.99) 2 latitude 2447.0959 latitude in ddmm.mmmm format leading zeros transmitted 3 n/s indicator n latitude hemisphere indicator, n = north, s = south 4 longitude 12100.5204 longitude in dddmm.mmmm format leading zeros transmitted 5 e/w indicator e longitude hemisphere indicator, 'e' = east, 'w' = west 6 gps quality indicator 1 gps quality indicator 0: position fix unavailable 1: valid position fix, sps mode 2: valid position fix, differential gps mode 3: gps pps mode, fix valid 4: real time kinematic. system used in rtk mode with fixed integers 5: float rtk. satellite system used in rtk mode. fl oating integers
ds-GPS-622F-2 sept 11 ? 2010 www.rfsolutions.co.uk page 11 gps s mart r eceiver with a ntenna GPS-622F 6: estimated (dead reckoning) mode 7: manual input mode 8: simulator mode 7 satellites used 08 number of satellites in use, (00 ~ 12) 8 hdop 1.1 horizontal dilution of precision, (00.0 ~ 99.9) 9 altitude 108.7 mean sea level (geoid), (-9999.9 ~ 17999.9) 10 geoid separation geoid separation in meters according to wgs-84 elli psoid (- 999.9 ~ 9999.9) 11 dgps age age of dgps data since last valid rtcm transmission in xxx format (seconds) null when dgps not used 12 dgps station id 0000 differential reference station id, 0000 ~ 1023 null when dgps not used 13 checksum 0e note: note: note: note: the checksum field starts with a * and cons ists of 2 characters representing a hex number. the checksum is the exclusive or of all char acters between $ and *.
ds-GPS-622F-2 sept 11 ? 2010 www.rfsolutions.co.uk page 12 gps s mart r eceiver with a ntenna GPS-622F 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 gll gll gll gll - -- - latitude and longitude, with time of position fix and status latitude and longitude, with time of position fix a nd status latitude and longitude, with time of position fix a nd status latitude and longitude, with time of position fix a nd status latitude and longitude of current position, time, a nd status. structure: structure: structure: structure: $gpgll,ddmm.mmmm,a,dddmm.mmmm,a,hhmmss.sss,a,a*hh 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 example: example: example: example: $gpgll,4250.5589,s,14718.5084,e,092204.999,a,a*2d field name example description 1 latitude 4250.5589 latitude in ddmm.mmmm format leading zeros transmitted 2 n/s indicator s latitude hemisphere indicator n = north s = south 3 longitude 14718.5084 longitude in dddmm.mmmm format leading zeros transmitted 4 e/w indicator e longitude hemisphere indicator 'e' = east 'w' = west 5 utc time 092204.999 utc time in hhmmss.sss format (000000.00 ~ 235959.99) 6 status a status, a = data valid, v = data not valid 7 mode indicator a mode indicator n = data not valid a = autonomous mode d = differential mode e = estimated (dead reckoning) mode m = manual input mode s = simulator mode 8 checksum 2d
ds-GPS-622F-2 sept 11 ? 2010 www.rfsolutions.co.uk page 13 gps s mart r eceiver with a ntenna GPS-622F 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 gsa gsa gsa gsa - -- - gps dop and active satellites gps dop and active satellites gps dop and active satellites gps dop and active satellites gps receiver operating mode, satellites used in the navigation solution reported by the gga or gns sentence and dop values. structure: structure: structure: structure: $gpgsa,a,x,xx,xx,xx,xx,xx,xx,xx,xx,xx,xx,xx,xx,x.x, x.x,x.x*hh 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 7 example: example: example: example: $gpgsa,a,3,01,20,19,13,,,,,,,,,40.4,24.4,32.2*0a field field field field name name name name example example example example description description description description 1 mode a mode m = manual, forced to operate in 2d or 3d mode a = automatic, allowed to automatically switch 2d/3d 2 mode 3 fix type 1 = fix not available 2 = 2d 3 = 3d 3 satellite used 1~12 01,20,19,13, ,,,,,,,, satellite id number, 01 to 32, of satellite used in solution, up to 12 transmitted 4 pdop 40.4 position dilution of precision (00.0 to 99.9) 5 hdop 24.4 horizontal dilution of precision (00.0 to 99.9) 6 vdop 32.2 vertical dilution of precision (00.0 to 99.9) 7 checksum 0a
ds-GPS-622F-2 sept 11 ? 2010 www.rfsolutions.co.uk page 14 gps s mart r eceiver with a ntenna GPS-622F 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 gsv gsv gsv gsv - -- - gps satellite in view gps satellite in view gps satellite in view gps satellite in view numbers of satellites in view, prn number, elevation angle, azimuth angle, and c/no. four satellites details are transmitted per message. add itional satellite in view information is send in subsequent gsv messages. structure: structure: structure: structure: $gpgsv,x,x,xx,xx,xx,xxx,xx,,xx,xx,xxx,xx *hh 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4 5 6 7 8 example: example: example: example: $gpgsv,3,1,09,28,81,225,41,24,66,323,44,20,48,066,4 3,17,45,336,41*78 $gpgsv,3,2,09,07,36,321,45,04,36,257,39,11,20,050,4 1,08,18,208,43*77 field field field field name name name name example example example example description description description description 1 number of message 3 total number of gsv messages to be transmitted (1 -3) 2 sequence number 1 sequence number of current gsv message 3 satellites in view 09 total number of satellites in view (00 ~ 12) 4 satellite id 28 satellite id number, gps: 01 ~ 32, sbas: 33 ~ 64 (3 3 = prn120) 5 elevation 81 satellite elevation in degrees, (00 ~ 90) 6 azimuth 225 satellite azimuth angle in degrees, ( 000 ~ 359 ) 7 snr 41 c/no in db (00 ~ 99) null when not tracking 8 checksum 78
ds-GPS-622F-2 sept 11 ? 2010 www.rfsolutions.co.uk page 15 gps s mart r eceiver with a ntenna GPS-622F 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 rmc rmc rmc rmc - -- - recommanded minimum specific gps/transit data recommanded minimum specific gps/transit data recommanded minimum specific gps/transit data recommanded minimum specific gps/transit data time, date, position, course and speed data provide d by a gnss navigation receiver. structure: structure: structure: structure: $gprmc,hhmmss.sss,a,dddmm.mmmm,a,dddmm.mmmm,a,x.x,x .x,ddmmyy,x.x,a,a*hh 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 example: example: example: example: $gprmc,092204.999,a,4250.5589,s,14718.5084,e,0.00,89 .68,211200,,a*25 field field field field name name name name example example example example description description description description 1 utc time 092204.999 utc time in hhmmss.sss format (000000.00 ~ 235959.999) 2 status a status v = navigation receiver warning a = data valid 3 latitude 4250.5589 latitude in dddmm.mmmm format leading zeros transmitted 4 n/s indicator s latitude hemisphere indicator n = north s = south 5 longitude 14718.5084 longitude in dddmm.mmmm format leading zeros transmitted 6 e/w indicator e longitude hemisphere indicator 'e' = east 'w' = west 7 speed over ground 000.0 speed over ground in knots (000.0 ~ 999.9) 8 course over ground 000.0 course over ground in degrees (000.0 ~ 359.9) 9 utc date 211200 utc date of position fix, ddmmyy format 10 magnetic variation magnetic variation in degrees (000.0 ~ 180.0) 11 magnetic variation magnetic variation direction e = east w = west 12 mode indicator a mode indicator n = data not valid a = autonomous mode d = differential mode e = estimated (dead reckoning) mode m = manual input mode s = simulator mode 13 checksum 25
ds-GPS-622F-2 sept 11 ? 2010 www.rfsolutions.co.uk page 16 gps s mart r eceiver with a ntenna GPS-622F 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 vtg vtg vtg vtg - -- - course over ground and ground speed course over ground and ground speed course over ground and ground speed course over ground and ground speed the actual course and speed relative to the ground. structure: structure: structure: structure: gpvtg,x.x,t,x.x,m,x.x,n,x.x,k,a*hh 1 2 3 4 5 6 example: example: example: example: $gpvtg,89.68,t,,m,0.00,n,0.0,k,a*5f field field field field name name name name example example example example description description description description 1 course 89.68 true course over ground in degrees ( 000.0 ~ 359.9) 2 course magnetic course over ground in degrees (000.0 ~ 359.9) 3 speed 0.00 speed over ground in knots (000.0 ~ 99 9.9) 4 speed 0.00 speed over ground in kilometers per hour (0000.0 ~ 1800.0) 5 mode a mode indicator n = not valid a = autonomous mode d = differential mode e = estimated (dead reckoning) mode m = manual input mode s = simulator mode 6 checksum 5f 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 zda zda zda zda- -- - time and date time and date time and date time and date structure: structure: structure: structure: $gprmc,hhmmss.sss,dd,mm.yyyy, , ,xxx 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 example: example: example: example: $gpzda,104548.04,25,03,2004,,*6c field field field field name name name name example example example example description description description description 1 utc time 104548.04 utc time in hhmm ss.ss format, 000000.00 ~ 235959.99 2 utc time: day 25 utc time day (01 ... 31) 3 utc time: month 03 utc time: month (01 ... 12) 4 utc time: year 2004 utc time: year (4 digit year) 5 local zone hour not being output by the receiver (null) 6 local zone minutes not being output by the receiver (null) 7 6c 6c checksum
ds-GPS-622F-2 sept 11 ? 2010 www.rfsolutions.co.uk page 17 gps s mart r eceiver with a ntenna GPS-622F 6 66 6. . . . links links links links http://www.skytraq.com.tw/download/an0003_v3.pdf - skytraq application note an0003 http://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/gps/modules/an00 03_v1.4.8.pdf please note that not all the commands in the applic ation note apply for this module; for additional in formation please contact skytraq directly. 7 77 7. contact information . contact information . contact information . contact information we hope this datasheet will be helpful to the user to get the most out of the gps module, furthermore feedback inputs about errors or mistakable verbalizations and comments or proposals to rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd. .. .. for further improvements are highly appreciated. ? ?? ? 20 2020 2011 1111 11 rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd. .. . a aa all righ ll righ ll righ ll right tt ts rese s rese s rese s reser rr rv vv ve ee ed. d.d. d. not to be reproduced in whole or part for any purpo se without written permission of rf rf rf rf solutions ltd solutions ltd solutions ltd solutions ltd. information provided by rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd is believed to be accurate and rel iable. these materials are provided by rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd as a service to its customers and may be used for informational purposes only. rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd assumes no responsibility for erro rs or omissions in these materials, nor for its use rf so lution rf solution rf solution rf solutions ltd s ltd s ltd s ltd reserves the right to change specification at any time without notice. these materials are provides as is without warran ty of any kind, either expressed or implied, relating to sale and/or use of rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd products including liability or wa rranties relating to fitness for a particular purpose, conse quential or incidental damages, merchantability, or infringement of any patent, cop yright or other intellectual property right. rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd further does not warrant the accur acy or completeness of the information, text, graphics or other items contained within thes e materials. rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd shall not be liable for any special, indirect, incidental, or co nsequential damages, including without limitation, lost revenues or lost profits, which ma y result from the use of these materials. rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd rf solutions ltd products are not intended for use in medical, life-support devices, or applications involving potential risk of death, per sonal injury, or severe property damage in case of failure of the product.


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